Microsoft Windows - Wikipedia. The term Windows collectively describes any or all of several generations of Microsoftoperating system products. These products are generally categorized as follows: Early versions. The history of Windows dates back to September 1. Chase Bishop, a computer scientist, designed the first model of an electronic device and project Interface Manager was started. It was announced in November 1. Apple Lisa, but before the Macintosh) under the name "Windows", but Windows 1. CCC Book ( Course of Computer concept) Explore. Methods of starting Word 2003 How to change language English to. Windows Server 2003 was also the first. November 1. 98. 5.[8] Windows 1. Apple's operating system, but achieved little popularity. Windows 1. 0 is not a complete operating system; rather, it extends MS- DOS. The shell of Windows 1. MS- DOS Executive. Components included Calculator, Calendar, Cardfile, Clipboard viewer, Clock, Control Panel, Notepad, Paint, Reversi, Terminal and Write. Windows 1. 0 does not allow overlapping windows. Instead all windows are tiled. Only modal dialog boxes may appear over other windows. What EFS Is. You can use EFS to encrypt files stored in the file system of Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003 computers. Windows Server 2008 to a Workstation. By default Windows Server 2008 has a. The logon screen was changed to vista screen, but I can’t change it to another one. An operating system is computer software that manages hardware and other software. Some examples include Windows Server, Linux, and FreeBSD. Windows 2. 0 was released in December 1. It features several improvements to the user interface and memory management.[9] Windows 2. OS from tiled windows to overlapping windows. The result of this change led to Apple Computer filing a suit against Microsoft alleging infringement on Apple's copyrights.[1. Windows 2. 0 also introduced more sophisticated keyboard shortcuts and could make use of expanded memory. Windows 2. 1 was released in two different versions: Windows/2. Boot Up Screen Windows 10Windows/3. 86. Windows/3. Intel 8. 03. 86 to multitask several DOS programs and the paged memory model to emulate expanded memory using available extended memory. Windows/2. 86, in spite of its name, runs on both Intel 8. Intel 8. 02. 86 processors. It runs in real mode but can make use of the high memory area.[citation needed]In addition to full Windows- packages, there were runtime- only versions that shipped with early Windows software from third parties and made it possible to run their Windows software on MS- DOS and without the full Windows feature set. The early versions of Windows are often thought of as graphical shells, mostly because they ran on top of MS- DOS and use it for file system services.[1. However, even the earliest Windows versions already assumed many typical operating system functions; notably, having their own executable file format and providing their own device drivers (timer, graphics, printer, mouse, keyboard and sound). Unlike MS- DOS, Windows allowed users to execute multiple graphical applications at the same time, through cooperative multitasking. Windows implemented an elaborate, segment- based, software virtual memory scheme, which allows it to run applications larger than available memory: code segments and resources are swapped in and thrown away when memory became scarce; data segments moved in memory when a given application had relinquished processor control. Windows 3. x. Windows 3. Vx. Ds) that allow Windows to share arbitrary devices between multi- tasked DOS applications.[citation needed] Windows 3. They run inside the same address space, where the segmented memory provides a degree of protection. Windows 3. 0 also featured improvements to the user interface. Microsoft rewrote critical operations from C into assembly. Windows 3. 0 is the first Microsoft Windows version to achieve broad commercial success, selling 2 million copies in the first six months.[1. Windows 3. 1, made generally available on March 1, 1. In August 1. 99. 3, Windows for Workgroups, a special version with integrated peer- to- peer networking features and a version number of 3. It was sold along Windows 3. Support for Windows 3. December 3. 1, 2. Windows 3. 2, released 1. Chinese version of Windows 3. The update was limited to this language version, as it fixed only issues related to the complex writing system of the Chinese language.[1. Windows 3. 2 was generally sold by computer manufacturers with a ten- disk version of MS- DOS that also had Simplified Chinese characters in basic output and some translated utilities. Windows 9x. The next major consumer- oriented release of Windows, Windows 9. August 2. 4, 1. 99. While still remaining MS- DOS- based, Windows 9. Windows 9. 5 also introduced a redesigned, object oriented user interface, replacing the previous Program Manager with the Start menu, taskbar, and Windows Explorershell. Windows 9. 5 was a major commercial success for Microsoft; Ina Fried of CNET remarked that "by the time Windows 9. Microsoft published four OEM Service Releases (OSR) of Windows 9. The first OSR of Windows 9. Windows to be bundled with Microsoft's web browser, Internet Explorer.[1. Mainstream support for Windows 9. December 3. 1, 2. Windows 9. 5 ended on December 3. Windows 9. 5 was followed up with the release of Windows 9. June 2. 5, 1. 99. Windows Driver Model, support for USB composite devices, support for ACPI, hibernation, and support for multi- monitor configurations. Windows 9. 8 also included integration with Internet Explorer 4 through Active Desktop and other aspects of the Windows Desktop Update (a series of enhancements to the Explorer shell which were also made available for Windows 9. In May 1. 99. 9, Microsoft released Windows 9. Second Edition, an updated version of Windows 9. Windows 9. 8 SE added Internet Explorer 5. Windows Media Player 6. Mainstream support for Windows 9. June 3. 0, 2. 00. Windows 9. 8 ended on July 1. On September 1. 4, 2. Microsoft released Windows ME (Millennium Edition), the last DOS- based version of Windows. Windows ME incorporated visual interface enhancements from its Windows NT- based counterpart Windows 2. DOS environment, removing compatibility with some older programs),[2. Windows Media Player 7, Windows Movie Maker, and the Windows Image Acquisition framework for retrieving images from scanners and digital cameras), additional system utilities such as System File Protection and System Restore, and updated home networking tools.[2. However, Windows ME was faced with criticism for its speed and instability, along with hardware compatibility issues and its removal of real mode DOS support. PC World considered Windows ME to be one of the worst operating systems Microsoft had ever released, and the 4th worst tech product of all time.[7]Windows NTEarly versions. In November 1. 98. Microsoft (which included former Digital Equipment Corporation developers Dave Cutler and Mark Lucovsky) began work on a revamped version of IBM and Microsoft's OS/2 operating system known as "NT OS/2". NT OS/2 was intended to be a secure, multi- user operating system with POSIX compatibility and a modular, portablekernel with preemptive multitasking and support for multiple processor architectures. However, following the successful release of Windows 3. NT development team decided to rework the project to use an extended 3. Windows API known as Win. OS/2. Win. 32 maintained a similar structure to the Windows APIs (allowing existing Windows applications to easily be ported to the platform), but also supported the capabilities of the existing NT kernel. Following its approval by Microsoft's staff, development continued on what was now Windows NT, the first 3. Windows. However, IBM objected to the changes, and ultimately continued OS/2 development on its own.[2. The first release of the resulting operating system, Windows NT 3. Windows 3. 1) was released in July 1. Windows NT 3. 5 was released in September 1. Novell's Net. Ware, and was followed up by Windows NT 3. May 1. 99. 5, which included additional improvements and support for the Power. PC architecture. Windows NT 4. June 1. 99. 6, introducing the redesigned interface of Windows 9. NT series. On February 1. Microsoft released Windows 2. NT 4. 0. The Windows NT name was dropped at this point in order to put a greater focus on the Windows brand.[2. Windows XPThe next major version of Windows NT, Windows XP, was released on October 2. The introduction of Windows XP aimed to unify the consumer- oriented Windows 9x series with the architecture introduced by Windows NT, a change which Microsoft promised would provide better performance over its DOS- based predecessors. Windows XP would also introduce a redesigned user interface (including an updated Start menu and a "task- oriented" Windows Explorer), streamlined multimedia and networking features, Internet Explorer 6, integration with Microsoft's . NET Passport services, modes to help provide compatibility with software designed for previous versions of Windows, and Remote Assistance functionality.[2.
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